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DoC is one of the commonly encountered terms in shrimp cultivation. Understanding DoC is important as it is a basis for cultivation and affects shrimp feed management. What is DoC in shrimp cultivation? Check out the full explanation in this article!

## Getting to Know DoC in Shrimp Cultivation
Day of culture or shrimp DoC is the length of cultivation which serves as a basis for cultivation, commonly calculated after stocking in days.

DoC is an important scale to evaluate various cultivation parameters such as [ABW](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/shrimp-abw-is) estimation, size, biomass, [SR](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/survival-rate-cultivation-productivity), and so on.

## What Happens during Early DoC?
At DoC 0-30, shrimp begin acclimatization or adjustment to the new environment. This process includes adjustments to temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity. This change in environment from the [hatchery](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-crucial-sector-in-shrimp-industry-hatchery) to the cultivation pond sometimes causes shrimp to be easily stressed. Shrimp's appetite will decrease when they are under stress.

Decreased appetite will make shrimp susceptible to [disease](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/tips-to-prevent-vannamei-shrimp-disease-in-the-farm), including EMS which is still related to AHPND. EMS typically infect shrimp in DoC 0-30. When 30 days have passed and the shrimp shows no signs of symptoms, it is likely that the shrimp are not infected by EMS.

Shrimp also molt more frequently at DoC 0-30 than in the following days. This is because molting tends to occur between 2 and 6 weeks at the beginning of cultivation. Molting itself is a sign of stress in shrimp, hence farmers have to watch out for it.

In terms of [feed management](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/one-important-step-in-feed-efficiency-make-regular-adjustments), farmers typically still implement blind feeding at DoC 0-30. It is a feeding method that relies more on the availability of natural feed in the pond instead of a feeding program. Therefore, the daily feeding is lower in the first 30 days than after 30 days, causing the increase in feeding rate to be low as well.

## Overcoming the Vulnerable Period of Cultivation (DoC 0-30)
DoC 0-30 is considered the vulnerable period of cultivation, hence farmers should pay closer attention during this period. Here are several actions that farmers can take to overcome this:

### 1. Implement biosecurity
There is no denying that biosecurity is a crucial measure in shrimp cultivation, especially in the early stages of cultivation. Biosecurity helps prevent the entry of disease germs, prevents their spread in ponds, and lowers the risk of disease-related losses. By implementing biosecurity, shrimp can grow healthily and be resistant to disease in the vulnerable period of cultivation.


>Read more: [The Application of Biosecurity in Shrimp Farms: Cleaning and Sterilization](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-application-of-biosecurity-in-shrimp-farms-cleaning-and-sterilization)

### 2. Pay attention to natural feed management
Shrimp [feeding](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/high-quality-feed-for-shrimp-growth) must involve one aspect named feeding rate that depends on the weight of the shrimp (Supono, 2019). In the first 30 days of cultivation, shrimp need more natural feed, such as phytoplankton or zooplankton, to grow. According to Putri et al. (2020), both are crucial in fulfilling shrimp nutrition at the early stage of their lives.


>Read more: [Achieving Efficient Shrimp Farming: Pay Attention to FCR](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/achieving-efficient-shrimp-farming-pay-attention-to-fcr)

### 3. Monitor the physical condition and behavior of shrimp
During the vulnerable period, farmers need to monitor shrimp&rsquo;s physical condition by checking the feeding tray. Checking can be done at DoC 15 or 20 because shrimp are still very small in the days prior to DoC 15-20. Apart from checking physical condition, farmers also need to monitor shrimp behavior, including shrimp movements, eating habits, and level of stress.

By monitoring these aspects, farmers can detect abnormal symptoms and start the mitigation as soon as possible. Especially considering that shrimp are prone to stress and disease at DoC 0-30.

### 4. Maintain water quality
[Water quality](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/jala-baruno-a-convenient-accurate-and-robust-pond-water-quality-measurement-device) is one of the success determinants of cultivation hence it must be managed as well as possible. This is not limited to the quality of water for cultivation, but also the quality of source water, whether from drilled wells or from the sea. The physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water must remain within the ideal range so that the shrimp can grow healthily from the beginning of cultivation.

The ideal range of water quality parameters can be referred from this table:&nbsp;</span></p>
<table style="width: 284.633px; height: 264px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;"><strong>Parameter</strong></td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;"><strong>Ideal range</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;">Temperature</td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;">26-32<sup>o</sup>C</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;">Salinity</td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;">15-30 ppt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;">pH</td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;">7,5-8,5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;">Dissolved oxygen</td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;">&gt;4 ppm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;">Alkalinity</td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;">100-150 ppm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 127px;">Brightness</td>
<td style="width: 142.633px;">30-50 cm</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

### 5. Conduct sampling
To determine performance in the first 30 days of cultivation, farmers need to do sampling. The first sampling can be done at DoC 30 to 40. The first sampling benchmark is if the shrimp have reached size 300 or have a weight of 3 grams per head.

## Conclusion
Day of Culture or DoC of shrimp refers to the duration of cultivation after stocking, measured in days. DoC 0-30 is considered a vulnerable period in cultivation. To ensure successful cultivation through this period, farmers need to implement biosecurity measures, monitor feed management, observe the condition and behavior of shrimp, and maintain water quality. Additionally, farmers also need to conduct sampling.

Even though DoC 0-30 is the vulnerable period of cultivation, this does not imply that the next DoC is unimportant and can be disregarded. All shrimp cultivation stages require high competence of proper management. It is very important for farmers to implement sustainable productive cultivation to achieve the best outcomes.
 
Furthermore, it's crucial for farmers to regularly record cultivation data to understand the progress in their ponds. [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is #HeretoHelp farmers record more than 40 cultivation parameters to make the best decisions according to actual conditions. This way, farmers can continue implementing productive and sustainable cultivation practices to maximize future yields.

Haven’t joined JALA App? Register now at [app.jala.tech](http://app.jala.tech) or download the mobile version on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&hl=en&gl=US) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818)!

DoC of shrimp is the length of cultivation since stocking in days. Learn more about DoC and how to overcome the vulnerable DoC period in shrimp cultivation! 

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What is DoC in Shrimp Cultivation? Here’s the Full Explanation!

Learning how to make molasses and practicing it at home is very possible to do. As a shrimp farmer, knowing how to make molasses will come in very handy when you wish to cut expenses on treatment budgets. 

Molasses is the main ingredient in the [biofloc system](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/shrimp-cultivation-with-biofloc-technology) and can be used to make probiotics. Its existence will therefore benefit the cultivation. If you are interested in making your own molasses at home, check out the discussion below.

## Benefits of Molasses for Shrimp Farms
Molasses is actually a byproduct of sugarcane processing and it contains sucrose. This component has long been used to enhance shrimp farming, particularly when it comes to treatment application.

Furthermore, the following are molasses’ overall benefits for shrimp farms:
### Fermentation mixture
Molasses serve as a fermentation mixture since it can be a food source for bacteria. This component also serves as a source of growth for heterotrophic bacteria in the making of [probiotics](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/get-to-know-probiotics-in-shrimp-farming), which can suppress the growth of pathogens and subsequently maintain shrimp health.
### The main ingredient for biofloc implementation
Apart from being a fermentation mixture, molasses is also beneficial for adding carbon (C) sources and increasing the C/N ratio in the biofloc system cultivation. The function of this system is to decrease wasted protein levels to reduce waste. Carbon addition can also increase heterotrophic bacteria in pond water and sediment. 
## How to Make Molasses at Home
Knowing how to make molasses begins with preparing the tools and ingredients needed. These tools include
- Stove
- Pan
- Wood stirrer

Meanwhile, the ingredients needed include
- 500 grams of white or brown sugar
- 500 ml of clean water

Once the tools and ingredients are ready, proceed making molasses by following these steps:
1. Heat water in the pan until it boils.
2. Add sugar to boiling water.
3. Stir until the sugar dissolves or is mixed evenly with the water.
4. Turn off the stove.
5. Cool the mixture until it thickens.
6. Molasses is ready to use.

## Conclusion
Shrimp farmers who wish to save budgets on treatment can learn how to make molasses from sugar. If you are interested in making your own molasses at home, follow these steps:
1. Heat water in the pan until it boils.
2. Add sugar to boiling water.
3. Stir until the sugar dissolves or is mixed evenly with the water.
4. Turn off the stove.
5. Cool the mixture until it thickens.
6. Molasses is ready to use.

Every time you apply a treatment, don’t forget to record it on [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app), the shrimp farm management application from JALA. Besides #HeretoHelp you to record, JALA App also allows you to
- Monitor 40+ cultivation parameters
- Estimate biomass, survival rate, and selling price of your shrimp
- Manage farm finances and inventory
- Check shrimp price trends in various regions
- And many more!

Access JALA App anytime and from anywhere at [app.jala.tech](https://app.jala.tech) or download the app on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&pcampaignid=web_share) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818).

<a href="https://app.jala.tech/" target="_blank">
  <img border="0" align="center"  src="https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/18_JAN_ARTIKEL_BLOG_CTA_ENG_2_28ede773b8.png"/>
</a>

Knowing how to make molasses from sugar will be useful for shrimp farmers who want to apply treatment for cultivation. Find out the 6 easy steps in this article.

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How to Make Molasses at Home: A Complete and Easy Way

The potential of [vannamei shrimp farming](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/why-is-shrimp-farming-considered-promising) can be considered promising. When it comes to exports, this commodity has successfully raised the value of the Indonesian fishery export to USD 3.28 billion in August 2020, accounting for 40% of the fishery sector.

The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries is confident in setting the national shrimp production target up to 250% by 2024 because of its promising potential. Revitalizing traditional shrimp farms is one of several measures the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries established to meet the target.

However, according to the Fish Quarantine Agency, Quality Control and Fishery Product Safety (BKIPM), Indonesia’s shrimp export performance in 2023 was the lowest in the last three years. Some of the causes include fierce competition from other shrimp producing countries, such as [Ecuador](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/takeaways-from-the-current-biggest-shrimp-exporting-country-ecuador), and shrimp oversupply.

![Export Volume of Indonesian Vannamei Shrimp 2019-Q3 2023.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Export_Volume_of_Indonesian_Vannamei_Shrimp_2019_Q3_2023_501d12f0b0.png)

By the end of 2023, the Indonesian shrimp sector faced serious challenges due to this condition and the repeated drop in shrimp prices. Then, what about the potential of the Indonesian shrimp market, especially in 2024? What steps can be taken to fix the situation and fulfill the vannamei shrimp market in Indonesia? Read further in the discussion below.

## Prospects for Vannamei Shrimp Farming in Indonesia
![potensi pasar udang indonesia](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_potensi_pasar_udang_indonesia_c8dc0502bd.webp)
Indonesia is still heavily dependent on the export market. This can be seen from how 70% of Indonesia’s total exports go to the United States (US) market. When the US accused shrimp producing countries of [dumping and issued a countervailing duty petition](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/dumping-allegations-and-countervailing-duty-to-indonesia-s-shrimp-industry) in the fourth quarter of 2023, Indonesia was one of the countries impacted, particularly at the shrimp farmer level. 

The dependence on export markets needs to be overcome by shifting strategies to domestic markets. However, as of 2023, the Indonesian shrimp market can be considered to still be struggling. According to data from the Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the median value of shrimp consumption per capita from 514 regencies in Indonesia is 0.43 kg/capita.

The dependence on exports when the global market fluctuates and the low uptake of shrimp consumption in the domestic market causes the prospects for vannamei shrimp farming seem less optimal. However, there is still hope to bounce back and fix this situation when we enter 2024.

In response to allegations of dumping and countervailing duty petition, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, and AP5I have held an Anti-Dumping and Anti-Subsidies Investigation Petitions Discussion Meeting. This measure was taken to show Indonesia’s commitment to fulfilling shrimp commodities under regulation compliance. 

In early 2024, shrimp prices in several areas gradually increased. Several players in the shrimp industry have also started to plan efforts to boost the uptake of domestic shrimp consumption.

**Shrimp Prices in West Nusa Tenggara from January to March 2024**
<a href="https://app.jala.tech/harga_udang/trend#region_id=52" target="_blank">
  <img border="0" align="center"  src="https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Harga_Udang_NTB_Jan_Mar_2024_bf68ca6105.png"/>
</a>
Source: Shrimp Price Feature in JALA App

**Shrimp Prices in East Java from January to March 2024**
<a href="https://app.jala.tech/harga_udang/trend#region_id=35" target="_blank">
  <img border="0" align="center"  src="https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Harga_Udang_Jatim_Jan_Mar_24_df550368ed.png"/>
</a>
Source: Shrimp Price Feature in JALA App

This gradual improvement hopefully will last a long time. That way, the potential for [shrimp farming](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/how-to-cultivate-vannamei-shrimp) will again be high and promising. Domestic market opportunities can also be expanded through various initiatives and programs from shrimp industry players.

## What Should We Do to Meet the Vannamei Shrimp Market in Indonesia?
Targeting domestic market fulfillment is based on the principle of developing the right strategy to ensure that local shrimp or fisheries products dominate the market, instead of imported ones. In light of this, farmers can take several actions, including

### Implementing the right cultivation practices
One of the primary keys to meet the shrimp demand is cultivation productivity. Therefore, farmers need to implement the right cultivation practices to achieve productivity goals. 

These cultivation practices need to be implemented at all stages of cultivation, from preparation to harvest. Some examples of actions that can be taken include
- Choosing shrimp fry with a specific pathogen free (SPF) certification to ensure shrimp health from an early age
- Implement strict biosecurity
- Apply treatment based on pond and shrimp conditions
- Implement effective feeding management
- Minimizing pollution in the environment caused by pond waste

### Ensuring the quality of shrimp
Besides maintaining a stable shrimp production, farmers need to ensure that the shrimp are of high quality as well. Prevent shrimp disease outbreaks as much as you can to ensure optimal condition during harvest. Maintaining the quality of shrimp will satisfy customers and improve the likelihood that they will make more purchases.

### Managing cultivation through regular recording and monitoring
Shrimp farming practices also need to include proper management, namely through recording and monitoring the condition of shrimp and ponds. Farmers are advised to record every cultivation parameter regularly, from water quality, feed, sampling results, disease, to mortality. 

These data records will yield a series of crucial insights. Farmers will then find it easier to determine the best course of action for their cultivation. The production and quality of shrimp will be more optimal.

## Conclusion
Even though the Indonesian shrimp market is faced with the challenge of low domestic consumption, there is still hope for a better rebound in 2024. Farmers have a significant contribution and can take the following steps to meet the vannamei shrimp market in Indonesia:
- Implementing the right cultivation practices
- Ensuring the quality of shrimp
- Managing cultivation through regular recording and monitoring 
To facilitate shrimp farming management, [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is #HeretoHelp and allows you to
- Record and monitor 40+ cultivation parameters
- Estimate cultivation performance
- Manage farm finances and inventory
- Check shrimp prices in various regions
- And many more!

Let’s start your shrimp farming journey with JALA App! Access through the [web version](https://app.jala.tech) or download the app on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&pcampaignid=web_share) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818).

<a href="https://app.jala.tech/" target="_blank">
  <img border="0" align="center"  src="https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/18_JAN_ARTIKEL_BLOG_CTA_ENG_2_28ede773b8.png"/>
</a>

**References**

[Begini Strategi Menggenjot Produksi Udang dengan Tetap Berkelanjutan | Mongabay](https://www.mongabay.co.id/2020/10/20/begini-strategi-menggenjot-produksi-udang-dengan-tetap-berkelanjutan/)

The potential of Indonesian vannamei shrimp in 2024 is still quite promising with the rise in shrimp prices and initiatives to increase shrimp uptake in the domestic market.

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The Potential of Vannamei Shrimp Market in Indonesia [2024]

Shrimp fry is a term that is often encountered in the world of shrimp cultivation. What exactly is shrimp fry? Find out the full explanation through this article!

## What is Shrimp Fry?
Shrimp fry refers to shrimp ‘seeds’, a common term used for shrimp in the [post larva life stage](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/vannamei-shrimp-life-cycle). In shrimp cultivation, farmers usually obtain shrimp fry before starting their cultivation. The fry is stocked or spread in the pond to grow into adult shrimp, ready for harvest.

## Origin of the Term ‘Shrimp Fry’
The term shrimp fry originates from the Anglo-French language in the early 14th century, which means “young fish”. In Old French, frier or frontier means to spawn in the sand. Now, the specific term ‘fry’ is used to distinguish between the seed of shrimp and other animals. 

## Shrimp Fry Facts
After understanding what shrimp fry is, here are some facts about shrimp fry you might not know.

### 1. Produced in hatcheries
Shrimp fry is hatched in a business unit called a [hatchery](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-crucial-sector-in-shrimp-industry-hatchery). Hatcheries play a crucial role for the shrimp cultivation industry. 

Shrimp fry in the hatchery originate from shrimp [broodstock](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/how-to-take-care-of-shrimp-broodstock), capable of producing 100,000-250,000 eggs at once. However, only about 40% of these eggs reach the post larvae stage.  

### 2. Physical appearance of fry
![Shrimp fry](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Benur_04a660b9a1.jpg)
Source: [Global Seafood Alliance](https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/immunostimulants-shrimp-require-further-testing/)

If you haven’t seen a shrimp fry in real life, you might not know what it looks like. Shrimp fry has an antennae and tail. It has a straight and transparent body with shiny eyes.

### 3. The quality is reflected through certification
High quality shrimp fry is needed for a successful shrimp [cultivation](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/how-to-cultivate-vannamei-shrimp). The quality of the fry can be seen from whether or not it has the Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) certification.

Fry with SPF specification is free of pathogens (especially viruses), which might cause diseases. Non-SPF fry pose the risk of catching or carrying [diseases](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/5-strategies-to-control-shrimp-diseases-and-the-importance-of-technology-for-cultivation) during cultivation.

On the other hand, SPR shrimp fry is resistant towards specific pathogens. Not all SPF shrimp fry has SPR certification, but SPR fry does not need SPF certification.

### 4. Fry should pass the stress test 
Quality shrimp fry must undergo stress testing to determine their survival rate. Stress testing is conducted using freshwater or 100 ppm formaldehyde for 30 minutes. Healthy shrimp fry will pass with a survival rate of over 95%.

## Conclusion
Shrimp fry is a term for shrimp seeds. They are produced by hatcheries to be bought by shrimp farmers and used in their shrimp farming activities. Quality shrimp fry must have SPF and SPR certification and pass stress testing.

If you're looking to start a business as a shrimp farmer, make sure that besides using quality shrimp fry, you also monitor the development of your pond conditions throughout your cultivation cycle. [JALA App](https://jala.tech/id/app) is #HeretoHelp farmers as an application to record and analyze farm conditions anytime and anywhere.

Haven’t joined JALA App? Register yourself now through app.jala.tech and download the mobile version on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&hl=id) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818)!

Shrimp fry is a term for shrimp seeds. Check out the full explanation and facts about shrimp fry!

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What is Shrimp Fry? Here’s Its Meaning and Origin!

Vannamei shrimp hatchery is one of the crucial keys in the shrimp industry. According to data from [dataindonesia.id](https://dataindonesia.id/agribisnis-kehutanan/detail/produksi-udang-indonesia-capai-121-juta-ton-pada-2021), Indonesia recorded the production of 943 thousand tons of cultivated shrimp in 2021. We need at least 56.5 billion [shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/the-strategy-to-choose-the-right-shrimp-fry) annually if the average shrimp harvested were 20 grams per head and the survival rate (SR) reached 80%.

The need for shrimp fry is much greater when referring to the production target of 2 million tons in 2024. Therefore, the hatchery business can be said to be quite promising, considering the great need and the potential for needs to continue to increase.

What exactly is a shrimp hatchery? What are the key components of hatchery operations, and how are shrimp fry produced? Read the discussion below.

## What Is A Shrimp Hatchery?
A shrimp hatchery is a business that [hatches shrimp fry](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/hatching-vannamei-shrimp). The basic foundation of hatcheries is consistent production of high-quality shrimp fry and a location close to shrimp farming centers.

Modern and high-standard nurseries are required to produce high-quality seeds to fulfill cultivation needs. Shrimp fry that perform well when cultivated or have a high SR will contribute to the smooth running of cultivation.

Hatcheries need to maintain the quality of their shrimp fry because the competition in the market is getting tougher. Therefore, each hatchery must be certified to guarantee the quality standards of the shrimp fry produced by obtaining good management of fish hatchery (CPIB).

## How Are Shrimp Fry Produced in A Hatchery?
The shrimp fry production process begins with preparing the shrimp broodstock until the eggs hatch and grow into post-larvae (PL). Here are the details of the shrimp fry production process in a hatchery:

### Broodstock preparation
[Broodstock shrimp](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/how-to-take-care-of-shrimp-broodstock) can be caught in nature or from domesticated shrimp. Broodstock that are ready to lay eggs are usually 1 year old and weigh >40 grams. They can lay eggs reaching 100,000-250,000 eggs in one clutch. 

Female shrimp begin their reproductive cycle when they are 8-10 months old, meaning that they will lay the maximum and regular amount of eggs at that time.

### Fertilization of female shrimp by male shrimp
The prospective shrimp broodstock will usually release pheromones, and these pheromones will stimulate male shrimp. Once stimulated, the male shrimp will fertilize the female shrimp.

### Eggs hatch
After the female shrimp is fertilized by the male shrimp and lays eggs, the eggs will hatch after 12-18 hours. Unfortunately, not all eggs can hatch. In the hatchery, it takes 26-31 days for the eggs to grow into shrimp fry.

### Development of shrimp fry
Eggs that hatch grow into nauplii for 2 days, then zoea for 4-5 days, and then mysis for 3-4 days. Mysis then grows into post-larvae (PL) or commonly known as shrimp fry for 10-15 days. These are the [shrimp fry that will be stocked](https://jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/5-things-to-consider-before-shrimp-fry-stocking) in ponds. 

![Tahap Perkembangan Udang.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/Tahap_Perkembangan_Udang_8a5bd96d3a.png)
Vannamei Shrimp Life Cycle (Suwignyo, 1990 in Amiruddin, 2016)

The average survival to post-larvae is around 40%. Hatcheries that produce shrimp fry with high SR typically produce fry with great performance in cultivation.

## What Are the Key Components of Hatchery Operations?
To produce high-quality shrimp fry, hatcheries need to implement an appropriate operational system. Therefore, there are several key components that must be considered, including:

### Biosecurity implementation
Maintaining biosecurity is the main focus in the operation of hatcheries. Hatcheries carry out strict procedures to produce disease-free shrimp fry. All of the processes at the hatchery require strict biosecurity implementation to prevent pathogen contamination.

### Supportive location
Hatcheries also require a supportive location due to the need for water supply that is clean and free from industrial contamination. The production process in the hatchery will be hindered if its location is polluted by high concentrations of organic materials or industrial waste.

### High-quality broodstock
High-quality broodstock is also essential for hatcheries. To produce high-quality shrimp fry, broodstock with superior genes are needed. Broodstock that are free from disease infection are the most crucial one. If the broodstock is infected with a disease, the disease could be transmitted to the shrimp fry.

### High-quality feed for broodstock
In addition, shrimp broodstock also need high-quality feed so that they always have energy and nutrients when they begin the spawning cycle. Fresh squids, clams, and blood worms (polychaeta) are high-quality feeds that must be provided for shrimp broodstock.

## Things that Need to be Addressed by Farmers before Ordering Shrimp Fry to A Hatchery
There are a lot of household-scale hatcheries nowadays. It should be noted that not all household hatcheries guarantee disease-free shrimp fry. Therefore, farmers must be careful since shrimp fry is one of the most crucial keys to successful cultivation. Here are two things that farmers need to address:

### Make sure the shrimp fry are disease-free and meet the qualified standards
According to farmers, high-quality shrimp fry are disease-free. There are, however, a lot of other determining aspects. Some of them are uniform physical size, active, stimuli-responsive, and so on.

### Make sure the hatchery includes a disease-free certificate
When ordering shrimp fry, make sure the hatchery will include a disease-free certificate from laboratory test results. Several hatchery companies usually attach a shrimp fry certificate from the QA Lab of the hatchery which guarantees that the fry are free from disease infection or categorized as SPF (specific pathogen-free).

Furthermore, this disease-free certificate can be said to be mandatory. Therefore, farmers can rest assured that the fry do not carry the potential of disease. Even though their cultivation is not necessarily free from infection during the process, farmers must still implement strict biosecurity.

## Conclusion
A shrimp hatchery is a place where shrimp fry are hatched, and it has a crucial role in the shrimp industry. Hatcheries support the availability of high-quality shrimp fry for cultivation. To guarantee a high-quality shrimp fry production, hatcheries require certification, namely CPIB.

There are 4 key components in the operation of a vannamei shrimp hatchery, including:
- Biosecurity implementation
- Supportive location
- High-quality broodstock
- High-quality feed for broodstock

Farmers also need to address these 2 things before ordering fry to a hatchery:
- Make sure the shrimp fry are disease-free and meet the qualified standards
- Make sure the hatchery includes a disease-free certificate

The development of shrimp fry from hatcheries to farms need to be supported by appropriate operation management. In light of that, [JALA App](https://jala.tech/app) is #HeretoHelp you record, monitor, and understand the condition of your shrimp and ponds in a practical way.

Discover more benefits by signing up for JALA App! Access via [website](https://app.jala.tech) or download the app on [Google Play Store](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tech.jala.android&pcampaignid=web_share) or [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/id/app/jala-tech/id1582412818).

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**References**

Amiruddin, A. (2016). _Optimasi Salinitas yang Berbeda pada Larva Udang Vannamei_ (Litopenaeus Vannamei) _Stadia Pl 1 sampai 10 pada Wadah yang Terkontrol_ (skripsi). Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar. Retrieved 2024, from [https://digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id/upload/588-Full_Text.pdf](https://digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id/upload/588-Full_Text.pdf)

Dugassa, H. And D. G. Gaetan. 2018. Biology of White Leg Shrimp, _Penaeus vannamei_: Review. World Journal of Fish and Marine Species. 10 (2): 5-17.

FAO. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme _Penaeus vannamei_ (Boone, 1931). Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

[Key pointers for a successful shrimp hatchery | The Fish Site](https://thefishsite.com/articles/key-pointers-for-a-successful-shrimp-hatchery)

[Peran Sentral Hatchery Udang, Inti Akua | Trobos Aqua.com](http://trobosaqua.com/detail-berita/2022/02/15/12/15681/peran-sentral-hatchery-udang)

[Prospek Cerah Industri Hatchery Udang | INFOMINA](https://www.minapoli.com/info/prospek-cerah-industri-hatchery-udang)

[Tanpa Benur Tak Ada Udang, Tajuk | Agrina-online.com](http://www.agrina-online.com/detail-berita/2021/11/16/20/7883/tanpa-benur-tak-ada-udang)

A vannamei shrimp hatchery is a place where shrimp fry are hatched before they are reared in ponds. Get to know its role for the shrimp farming business.

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What is a Vannamei Shrimp Hatchery? Get to Know Its Role for the Shrimp Business!

Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2023 and outlook conference for 2024.

Shrimp Outlook 2024

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2022 and outlook conference for 2023.

Shrimp Outlook 2023

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Indonesia's shrimp industry overview in 2021 and outlook conference for 2022.

Shrimp Outlook 2022

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JALA, an aquaculture technology company providing end-to-end shrimp farming solutions in Indonesia, held the Shrimp Outlook 2024 event in Fairfield by Marriott, Surabaya. With 339 attendees with diverse backgrounds, from shrimp farmers, processing companies, aquaculture industry stakeholders, as well as fry and feed producers, this event discusses Indonesia’s latest shrimp cultivation performance and outlined takeaways for improved productivity in 2024.

Erwin Dwiyana, Marketing Director of the Director General of Strengthening the Competitiveness of Marine and Fishery Product of Indonesia’s Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, in his opening remarks, highlighted the significance of the event amidst ongoing developments in the [shrimp industry](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-latest-challenges-in-the-shrimp-industry). Meanwhile, Aryo Wiryawan as Chairman of JALA in his opening remarks addressed the importance of collaboration to thrive in the global market. Haris Muhtadi, Chairman of the Shrimp Club Indonesia (SCI), conveyed that the condition of the shrimp industry in Indonesia may not be favorable, but it is the challenges faced that make industry participants more united and cohesive.

## Indonesian shrimp industry report throughout 2023
During the main session, Liris Maduningtyas, co-founder and CEO of JALA, delivered an in-depth exposition about the evaluation of Indonesia’s shrimp industry performance in 2023 and insights for 2024. She stated, “The average productivity of shrimp farms is 12 tons/ha. To aim for better profitability, farmers are advised to cultivate shrimp for 70-80 days or 100-110 days.” 

Liris also emphasized the need to enhance local market absorption. This is crucial to safeguard local shrimp prices from significant fluctuations when the export market becomes unstable. Any efforts to increase production this year should go hand-in-hand with environmental control and data recording. 

## Discussing new funding alternatives for shrimp farms
Shrimp Outlook 2024 also discussed strategies to obtain funding for farmers through the first panel discussion, “The Next Level of Farm Financing”. This session explored innovative financing mechanisms for shrimp farmers to propel their business.

![Shrimp Outlook 2024 by JALA](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_shrimp_outlook_2024_4d06021e15.webp)

This discussion featured George Samuel as the Advisor of PT Agro Bahari Nusantara Tbk (UDNG) and Susanto of BRI, moderated by Cynthia Darmawan. George and Susanto discussed the importance of regular data recording and creating financial reports for farmers who want to apply for bank or equity funding. Moreover, farmers are encouraged to be actively engaged in the continuous learning and decision-making processes in their own farm. 

## Raising hope for shrimp market conditions in 2024
One of the greatest challenges for Indonesia’s shrimp industry is the impact of the fluctuating global market. The second panel discussion emphasized strategies in navigating the volatile global market dynamics through the theme, “Bouncing Back Stronger on the 2024 Shrimp Market”, featuring Gunawan Mulyono of AP5I and Ricky Leonardo of TreeDots, moderated by Lois Darminto. 

Delving into current shrimp market conditions, there is currently an oversupply of shrimp in the global market and increasing competition from countries such as Ecuador and China. Efforts to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia’s shrimp includes providing value-added and cooked [shrimp products](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/maintaining-shrimp-quality-from-farm-to-fork-1) to achieve better selling prices. 

## Solutions for shrimp health and cultivation efficiency
GreenSage Prebiotics from Canada also had the opportunity to share about their novel innovation to promote shrimp health from within. Introducing Pretego, their latest product, Selva Kumar, the VP of Engineering, explained how this upcycled copra product supports shrimp growth and survival as well as the growth of beneficial bacteria in aquaculture. This helps farmers to significantly reduce costs in their cultivation and increases the SR of their shrimp.

The next sponsor for this event, Minnowtech, an aquaculture technology company based in Baltimore, Maryland, also presented their solution. Suzan Shahrestani, the co-founder, highlighted Minnowtech’s latest innovation in calculating shrimp biomass through sonar technology with more than 95% accuracy. Their solution has now been leveraged to monitor more than 1.3 billion shrimp globally.

## Diving deeper into shrimp fry production with experts
As [hatcheries](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/the-crucial-sector-in-shrimp-industry-hatchery) play a pivotal role in the current shrimp production landscape, the third panel discussion raised an exchange of perspectives with the theme, “Behind the Production of Shrimp Fry”. Shrimp fry industry players Emiliana Dhian of PT Suri Tani Pemuka,  Fivi Najmushabah of PT Central Pertiwi Bahari, and Henry Wijaya of Prima Larvae Bali took the stage and discussed how to overcome hurdles in fry production, moderated by Haris Muhtadi of SCI.

![Shrimp Outlook 2024 by JALA](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/article_shrimp_outlook_2024_1_b785a6f718.webp)

Hatcheries are promptly responding to the outbreak of various shrimp diseases, continuously making improvements such as strict screening and biosecurity measures as part of their disease control procedure. Hatcheries also ensure the use of quality live feed high in EPA and DHA to produce high quality fry. All of these efforts ensure that hatcheries deliver fry of the best quality for farmers to cultivate. 

## JALA is #HeretoHelp shrimp farmers
Shrimp Outlook 2024 also introduces JALA’s solutions tailored to tackle various problems in the shrimp industry. [JALA App](https://app.jala.tech), a shrimp farm management software platform, allows farmers to monitor pond conditions and carry out cultivation management with data-driven decision-making. JALA’s multiparameter water quality measurement device, [JALA Baruno](https://jala.tech/baruno), significantly reduces the complexity associated with water quality measurement and monitoring. Apart from cultivation technology, JALA also provides support in the form of cultivation supplies and assistance as well as access to market and funding. JALA’s end-to-end solutions underscore their dedication to supporting every facet of the shrimp farming journey.

## Enthusiasm and hope after Shrimp Outlook 
Jacky, a newly established shrimp farmer attending this event, expressed his enthusiasm toward the panel discussion’s topics. “The panel discussion about the next level of farm financing is very inspirative, providing detailed insights for us who are about to dive into this industry,” he said.

A great enthusiasm was also expressed by another attendee, Haviel, who was fascinated by JALA's Shrimp Outlook report. “I think the Shrimp Outlook presentation session was very interesting since it discussed the ups and downs of the shrimp industry last year,” he remarked.

As the second installment to JALA’s annual event, Shrimp Outlook 2024 serves as the occasion to reflect shrimp farming performance in last year and plan for the ongoing year. Although the shrimp industry is currently faced with various issues such as decreased productivity and volatile shrimp prices, farmers are encouraged to keep cultivating with proper data recording. This not only helps them stay updated with their cultivation performance to take the best step, but also assists in applying for farm financing.

In light of reducing the reliance on the export market, every party involved in the shrimp industry should make an effort to increase the absorption of shrimp in the local market. As shrimp disease remains a threat to watch out for, both hatcheries and farmers alike should be prepared by strict biosecurity measures in every aspect of their business. Hopefully, the series of insights shared can serve as an enlightenment and bring new optimism for everyone in the shrimp industry.

Shrimp Outlook 2024 by JALA to Discuss Industry Performance and Unite Indonesian Shrimp Industry Stakeholders for Greater Competitiveness

The increasing global population calls for the increased demand to meet protein needs. Protein is an important nutrient which supports child growth, speeds up the healing process, and many more functions.

Shrimp is one of the important and easily available protein sources. The demand for shrimp consumption increases annually. To meet this need, consumers need to be smart in choosing high quality shrimp which does not just help to meet protein requirements, but also obtain products with well-maintained nutritional value.

### Identifying high quality shrimp 
Both household and restaurant business consumers need to be aware of the signs of high quality shrimp, which are:
1. No foul or rotten smell which originates from rotting process due to improper storage
2. The shrimp shell or carapace is transparent and adheres strongly to the shrimp body or head. If required, consumers can directly examine the attachment of the shell
3. A firm texture, which indicates that the shrimp is still fresh and has not undergone rotting process
4. Healthy shrimp can also be identified through an intact and filled gut to avoid purchasing products that have been contaminated with diseases or harmful pathogens.

### The long and crucial process of maintaining shrimp quality from farm to fork
Shrimp is a perishable commodity, making the maintenance process from farm to fork highly crucial. This begins with shrimp cultivation to transport.

**1. During harvest**
To produce high quality shrimp, harvest should be done when the temperature is not too high and as quickly as possible. Ensure that the net is not too packed to prevent shrimp from getting pressed and injured. Immediately clean off the mud and other dirt that may remain on the shrimp from the farm.

**2. Post-harvest**
After cleaning, sortation, and weighing, the shrimp should be immediately kept at low temperature to slow down the spoilage process. Low temperatures inhibit the activity of decomposing bacteria. The recommended temperature is -4℃.

**3. Transportation from the farm to processing company**
The harvested shrimp is then transported from the farm to an aquaculture processing company or unit. Sometimes, they are directly transported to the market. When being transported, the shrimp should be stored in an ice-filled container at a ratio of 1:1 and stacked in layers.

**4. Processing**
The processing stage is commonly conducted in fish processing plants and involves several processes. It begins with the reception of raw materials, followed by inspection, weighing, and packing. During the raw material reception and inspection stage, various tests are usually conducted, such as antibiotic testing, microbiological testing, and testing for the presence of certain chemical substances.
Once the shrimp has passed the tests, it is then stored. The storage of shrimp is typically done in conditions with a temperature of ≤3℃. To maintain the quality of the shrimp, it is often packed in waterproof containers. Packing and storage should be done carefully to avoid any physical damage to the shrimp. The process, from inspection to packaging, should also be carried out as quickly as possible to prevent physical damage.

**5. Transport to consumers**
At the final stage, shrimp is transported to consumers by certain conditioning to maintain its quality. The distribution chain may be long enough, so proper storage handling must be prioritized, which involves storing in an ice box with a cooler or mixed with ice to preserve its freshness.

## Choosing high quality shrimp with guaranteed freshness 
One of JALA’s signature products is fresh shrimp in frozen condition. JALA has a network of shrimp farms and collaborates with processing companies to produce frozen shrimp through a short processing chain. Harvest-process-deliver.

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Harvested shrimp is then processed in a HACCP grade A standardized and halal-certified company. During the distribution process, the shrimp is maintained in frozen condition, thereby maintaining its quality and freshness until it reaches the hands of consumers. Shrimp products are suitable for fulfilling the needs of hotels, restaurants, catering services, as well as households. The product variations include HOSO, PUD, dan PDTO.

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The demand for safe and traceable shrimp products 
In addition to the increasing demand, there is also a growing concern for food product safety. Consumers today not only choose based on the quality and cleanliness of the product but also seek environmentally-friendly options. Consumers are willing to pay more for products that are of high quality and guaranteed safety, especially in developed countries. Food authorities or importers in the destination countries for export consider products that have traceability value.

More than half of the shrimp products are currently sourced from aquaculture. Considering the excessive exploitation of natural habitats, shrimp aquaculture has become an important source for meeting global shrimp demand. Aquaculture is also one of the most efficient cultivation methods compared to other forms of farming. The aspects of product safety and traceability are important added values in shrimp aquaculture products.

As a result, the definition of quality products has expanded to include not only the physical aspects of the product but also the consideration of sustainability in its production. Producing high-quality and safe products is the responsibility of shrimp farmers, which can be achieved by implementing environmentally-friendly aquaculture management and ensuring traceability through proper recording of the cultivation process.

![JALA Market 3 - en.png](https://strapi.jala.tech/uploads/JALA_Market_3_en_96200678f0.png)
The network of shrimp farms which supply their shrimp to JALA Market have traceability as an added value for their shrimp. Fulfilling the need for high quality shrimp is our commitment, because we #DaretoGuaranteeFreshness. Learn more about [JALA Market](https://jala.tech/market)’s frozen shrimp products! For further inquiries and orders, please contact [0813-2551-4194](https://wa.me/+6281325514194).

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Maintaining Shrimp Quality From Farm to Fork

Managing cultivation finance is an important aspect that shrimp farmers must consider. Farmers must be able to manage not only during the cultivation process, but also the preparation stage and the transition between cultivation cycles.

Shrimp is still a [popular commodity](https://jala.tech/blog/shrimp-industry/why-is-shrimp-farming-considered-promising) in the fishery sector. The global market for shrimp demands is expected to grow further. As a result, this fisheries-related business seems promising.

Although the benefits of shrimp farming appear to be promising, there are certain risks related to this industry. Those risks are disease, weather, and fluctuating [shrimp prices](https://jala.tech/en/blog/shrimp-industry/check-out-2022-shrimp-prices-and-off-takers-at-jala). These three factors contribute to the uncertainty of shrimp production and profits.

Farmers can be affected by this uncertainty. Their income is uncertain because it is dependent on the aforementioned factors. They must deal with this by carefully managing cultivating finances.

Managing cultivation finance is often underestimated and is not a priority for farmers. This practice appears to be simple as well. However, not all farmers are good at it. As a result, many farmers do not perceive a significant advantage once the cycle ends.

Farmers who do not properly manage cultivation finance are at risk of becoming trapped in the “dig a hole to fill in another hole” habit. That is, the profits are only utilized to pay off debts or loans used to manage the farm. Farmers will always feel lacking in finance.

If this is the case, how can farmers properly manage their cultivation finances? Here are some tips you can do during the preparation, cultivation, and cycle transition periods.

## Managing cultivation finance during the preparation stage

Before you begin cultivating, be sure that financial management is also a priority. A budget plan is one method for effectively managing agricultural finance at this point.

A budget plan will serve as a guide in cultivation because it contains cultivation targets and estimated expenses. You can use your prior cultivation experience or consult with professionals when creating the budget plan. Therefore, always record and evaluate all past cycle expenses. You can improve your budget plan based on the results of these evaluations.

A budget plan is a crucial component of cultivation financial management. It will provide you with:
- Specific cultivation target
- Estimation of cultivation costs in detail
- Cost guidance during cultivation process

Without a budget plan, cultivation expenses may skyrocket due to the lack of proper control.

## Managing cultivation finance while cultivation is running

Financial planning has been done and is now ready to be used as a guide. Farmers must remain careful, though, because unexpected expenses might occur at any time. Therefore, proper financial management must also be done when cultivating. The goal of this measure is to keep cultivation expenses under control.

One of many ways to do so is to check the RAB’s compliance with its realization on a regular basis. This does not have to be used on a daily basis. You can do this once or twice a week instead.

Controlling stock supply is another option. It is ideal to meet the cultivation needs within a specific time frame, such as every month. Start placing orders again a week or two before stock runs out. That way, the cashflow can be managed in stages, and there is no stock piling up in the warehouse.

Furthermore, avoid these acts:
- Using cultivation capital for personal purposes
- Not separating personal and cultivation accounts
- Not keeping financial records properly (recording expenses, debts, etc.)
- Saving too much and sacrifices the quality of goods

## Managing cultivation finance during cycle transitions

Following the completion of the cultivation cycle, some farmers choose to directly use the income from [harvest](https://www.jala.tech/blog/cultivation-tips/when-is-the-best-time-for-harvest). The income is commonly utilized to cover personal needs as well as the needs of the next cycle.

There are various aspects to consider before using the income from total harvest, including:
- Fund for the next cycle
- Further investment or pond maintenance
- Debts or loans owed during the cultivation cycle

Based on these considerations, self-awareness is required to control expenses before starting the next cycle. When you receive net harvest income, set aside part for an emergency fund in case of cultivation failure. You can save it in an account allocated particularly for cultivation needs. Then, prepare the budget plan for the next cultivation cycle.

If you wish to develop your pond, you should be aware that development funds are not cheap. Therefore, collect funds gradually. Do this once you’ve saved a portion of your income for an emergency fund.

Farmers who want to succeed must be able to manage cultivation finance well. The reason for this is that proper financial management will keep you from failing or losing.

You should also protect your cultivation process with insurance in addition to careful planning and effective financial management. Insurance will reduce the risk of crop failure or loss. An operational joint-program for shrimp farming that also provides insurance is now available, namely the JALA SmartFarm.

With JALA SmartFarm, you will receive comprehensive cultivation assistance. Planning, promising capital, insurance, professional pond management, and harvest assurances are all part of the assistance. Interested? For registration and additional information, kindly contact us at +62 813-2551-4194.